According to the "Nature" magazine's official website, the world's largest X-ray free electron laser (XFEL) co-funded by 12 European countries with a total investment of 1.4 billion U.S. dollars is about to begin the first experiments in September. The laser emits 27,000 X-ray pulses per second at 200 times the speed of existing most powerful lasers.
Only a handful of free-electron x-ray lasers in the world were available to the United States and Japan around the world, such as the LCLS of the National Accelerator Laboratory that maintains the fastest laser launch rates available. Scientists working on the atomic structure of a sample need to wait in line to get the chance to use it. The forthcoming use of the XFEL in Europe and the other two X-ray lasers in South Korea that will operate in June of this year and Switzerland in 2018 will open in 2018 will provide scientists with more options.
By taking thousands of photos of a sample in a series, scientists can get images of the activities of various enzyme proteins, catalysts and even viruses. For example, using LCLS, scientists can create 3D images of a virus at 9-nanometer resolution to reveal how it regrouped genetic material into the genome and master the molecular processes that the virus destroys cells.
In the molecular structure of the test, the use of traditional X-ray light sources often need to be detected molecules made of larger crystal structure, and XFEL X-ray generated strong enough, only a few nanometers of the crystal structure can be even non-crystalline Forms of cluster molecules for structure detection. Therefore, XFEL is the best tool for studying the structure of hard crystalline protein molecules.
The European XFEL, which is due to go on sale this time, has a total of three independent oscillators that emit X-ray lasers simultaneously, producing more than 3,000 high-quality X-ray images per second for samples, while other similar devices The same time can only shoot 100 or so. Therefore, the XFEL laser has the advantage of measuring the molecular structure of the sample from the atomic level and will be used to perform diffraction detection of individual molecules. According to Alberten Pelsen, a biochemist at the European Center for Free Electron Laser Science, the European XFEL laser will lead structural scientists to explore completely new and unknown areas.
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The infinite mystery of life lies in those magical time nodes, maybe a few days, maybe a few seconds. The world's strongest X-ray free electron laser, which cuts a second into more than 3,000 moments and secures it, slows the pace of life in a way that allows scientists to read life's big book .
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