There are about 40 species of genus Gelidium Lamouroux and 13 species reported in China. The size of phytoplankton is very different, the height of small species is less than 2cm, and the size of large species is as large as 30nm. The output is not much. The algal biomass is large and there are five species suitable for artificial breeding. The main farmed species in China are G. amansii in the north and G. pacificum in the south.
First, the biological characteristics of agar cauliflower The appropriate water temperature for the growth of agar is above 8 °C, the optimum water temperature is 20 °C -28 °C, aquaculture sea area in 1 year 8 °C -20 °C time should not be less than 70 days, especially The longer the number of days from 15°C to 20°C, the better the fast growth and high yield of agar.
Alabaster has great adaptability to light in a suitable water temperature. Lithops can use the faint sunlight of deep water, and can survive in deep water areas where other seaweed are not easy to live. Actually, agar is more effective in using strong light. The longer the light, the better the growth of agar. Therefore, do not choose sea areas that are turbid, and it is better to use quail culture for flat culture.
Cauliflower is a kind of seaweed that prefers to live in the direction of the open sea, horns, islands and rocks. This ecological habit is on the one hand the need for physiological properties and on the other hand a method of removing attachments. Therefore, aquaculture sea areas should be selected to have regular waves, especially in the sea areas with turbulent waves as the best, but should also avoid excessive wind waves, so as not to affect the sea operations and trusses, seedlings and rope safety.
Although agar can grow normally in poor sea areas and complete its life history, artificial breeding needs to achieve maximum growth in a short period of time. Therefore, it is better to choose sea areas where water quality is clarified, where there are few sediments, and nutrient content is abundant. Agaricus algae body is purple, black false roots, algae flat, feathery branches, into alternate or opposite, the more the branches to the top of the smaller, upright clumping, generally high 10 ~ 20cm species of amaryllis : Small algal blooms grow densely and intricately. They are found in rocky reefs. Dianshi cauliflower is a subtropical seaweed, distributed in Zhejiang and Fujian, with purple-red algae and cartilaginous mass, which can reach as high as 10-30cm. The algae in the ribs is dark purple, and the false stems have ribs protruding from Fujian and Taiwan. The pseudo-stemmed algae stems are fine, erect and clustered, and distributed widely, both in the north and south of China.
The life history of Shi Hua Cai has been clear. Shi Hu Cai has two similar shapes but essentially different generations, namely gametogenesis generation and sporophyte generation. There is also a third generation that is parasitic on the gametophyte, called the fruiting sporozoites. Four-sporozoites in the breeding period form a long, oval-shaped tetrasporangium at the top of the branches, and the four spores are released after germination and germinate into male and female gametophytes. Male and female gametophytes are the same in appearance, and mature sperms fertilize with the seawater to the female gametophyte reproductive organs. The fruit sporophyte releases the fruit spores and germinates into sporozoites.
Second, aquaculture and management of agar cauliflower in the production of viable farming methods, so far only to its vegetative branches as seedlings, clamped on the rope for bream culture, known as "separate technical support" and "spore culture "Technology has passed production, but there are still problems with economic efficiency that have not yet been promoted.
According to the conditions of the sea area and the growth characteristics of agaric, it can be divided into three quarters of spring, summer and autumn.
(1) Spring eel is cultivated using the low-temperature period of growth of spring agar. The breeding season of marine animals is mainly in the late spring and early summer. The hazards of animal attachments cannot be harmed until the late stage of spring eel farming. Therefore, the selection of agar-chilling growth period of 8 °C ~ 20 °C when the spring eel aquaculture, you can avoid the hazards of many attachments; to solve the agar pond seedlings have a variety of methods, including fishing natural sea area seedlings are currently artificial breeding Shi Cai is an effective method. It is necessary to collect the agar seedlings that grow in deep water, or to collect agars without attachment from the sea with less attachment, which can reduce the handling troubles. The attachments on the seedlings are mainly heteroalgae, common spotted leaf algae, and algae, etc., are agaric, and they are attached when they pass winter.
The apomictic ability of the apium is very strong. The entire algae body is cut into several plants. After 7-10 days, new techniques will be developed on the old ones. This feature can be used similar kelp clip seedling method, the cauliflower seedlings clipped on the seedlings for floating raft culture.
(2) Xia Xia Xia Xia is aquaculture in the high temperature period, strong light in summer, long sunshine time medicine, agar to grow fast, in early July to mid-spring is the harvest period of spring broom, is also a summer stocking period, and thus the most It is easy to use seedlings of summer plup, which are harvested after spring quail, and have many attached organisms in summer and are easily endangered.
There are only one species of seedlings in summer, namely, agar sturgeon left after aquaculture. The seedlings mainly consist of a large number of animal attachments and a low amount of algae, among which the three cell mosses and cockroaches are the main ones. Stepping and rolling are more effective.
(3) After autumn seawater temperature drops from 25°C-28°C to 20°C, most of the attached organisms stop breeding, while the warm-temperate multitubular algae, canola and other algae can still adhere to the algae, but the quantity Not much, therefore, in the fall of the sea temperature dropped to 20 °C - 8 °C in the course of the season is the appropriate temperature for the cultivation of amaranth.
There are two kinds of seedlings in the autumn, natural seedlings and summer seedlings. The main attachments are sticks, mosses, etc. The treatment method is mainly based on step washing.
One of the collected seedlings is to avoid algae and animal attachments on the algae, and the second is to choose large plants, renting, branching, growing point, red and purple color, strong growing agar. It is generally advisable to use a length of 7-8 cm or more, with multiple branchlets, complete growth points, and a fresh weight of 1 gram or more. For larger plants, such as the weight and length of the trees exceed the above criteria, can be divided into several strains, each strain should be washed with a plastic brush to remove attachments. The treated seedlings should be placed in a bucket in time and used for clamping.
The rope of the seedlings should be made of 4mm of 180-filament synthetic polyvinyl chloride ropes, or a 5- to 6-mm thick rope of 3-stranded polypropylene sheets. The string should be tight, and the length of the seedlings should be 2m. The seedlings of the seedlings should be passed through the seedlings and clamped over 1/3 of the length of the algae to prevent falling off. The spacing between the plants is 2.5cm. Rope clips 80 to 100 strains weighing about 100g.
The method of breeding agar cauliflower is as follows: The method of proliferation of clear seaweed is in the sea area where agar is grown, and in the early stage of avian species breeding from May to June, the algae and attached organisms on the surface of the reef are removed, so that the spores of stone cauliflower have more Places for attachment and growth. The effect of this method is significant, which is 3-4 times more than the yield increase of reefs.
In the sea area where there is agaric resources, the stone throwing and proliferation method throws stone after clearing the reef and expands the area for breeding. If there is no stone flower in the original sea area, after clearing the reef, a certain amount of mature Shicai must be placed to disperse the spores and reproduce.
As with other seaweeds, fertilizing agar has the need to absorb mineral elements in seawater. The agar-like color in the rich salt-rich sea area is purple-red, and the shade in the poor sea areas is red, yellow, and yellow-green. In order to obtain high-yielding and high-quality agar, fertilization must be carried out when breeding in poor sea areas. The content of nutrient in autumn is high in the sea area of northern China. Agarwood grows well, the algae are thick, with thick branches and high yield. In the spring of the same sea area, the content of nutrients is less, the color of the algae is thick, the branches are thick and the yield is low. The fertilization experiment proved that the appropriate fertilization method has obvious effects on the growth of Shi Hua Lai and can obtain significant economic benefits.
Predator control The predator organisms in the aquaculture production are mainly epiphytic algae, sessile animals and migratory animal species. The hazards are as follows: Firstly, they are attached to the body of Shih It also hinders the exchange of seawater, seriously affecting the photosynthesis and metabolism of amaranth, as well as the death and decay of attached organisms, which can also cause the decay of amaranth. The second is that migrant animals will eat Shi Caicai. Especially like to eat the young growth point, after eating like a cut flat, so that no longer grow agar. At the same time, the attachment of organisms affects the appearance and intrinsic quality of the amaranth. The methods of controlling predators should be based on prevention and prevention and control.
First, scrubbing, such as epiphytic diatoms is easier to wash off, but it is difficult to completely remove the net, there may still be re-victimization possible. The second is the removal of the type of strong adhesion and resistance to kill, but had to be removed by hand, such as stone medicine and canola. The third method is to knock off the bryozoans by tapping them with a stick. The fourth is the use of drugs to kill, plant-based predators, such as Dunnakia diluted in seawater in the grass ether immersed in soft, become dark red or orange and died, drug killing effect is obvious. Animal predators, such as algae hookworms, are killed three times with ammonia or human urine dilutions for 20 days without being harmed. When drug killing, you should master the concentration of the liquid and do not soak for more than 1 minute.
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