Consolidation still depends on the development of equipment manufacturing industry needs classification policy

The conference entitled "Blue Book of Equipment Manufacturing Industry: Development Report of China's Equipment Manufacturing Industry (2016)" sponsored by the Institute of Mechanical Industry Economic Management and the Social Science Documentation Press was held in Beijing. Sun Zumei, Deputy Minister of the Ministry of Machinery Industry participated in the conference. Wang Yaxing, Professor of the School of Business of Renmin University of China, Peng Jianguo, Deputy Director of the Research Center of the State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission, and Nie Xiudong, Deputy Director of the Institute of Mechanical Industry and Economic Management attended the meeting and delivered speeches. Comrades from research institutes and research centers attended the press conference. The reporter was informed that this year's "Blue Book on Equipment Manufacturing Industry" is divided into four parts: comprehensive articles, industry articles, corporate articles, and special articles. The comprehensive article introduces the general situation of international equipment manufacturing industry development and systematically analyzes the development of China's equipment manufacturing industry in 2015. There are problems, propose countermeasures and suggestions, and look forward to the future; industry chapters include seven major sub-sectors of equipment manufacturing industry such as aerospace, industrial robots, etc.; corporate articles are aimed at technological innovation companies, combing innovative points of representative companies, and The methods and effects provide reference and enlightenment for other equipment manufacturing enterprises; the special articles review and analyze the hot issues of the equipment manufacturing industry that occurred in China in 2015, and in-depth interpretation of the integration of military and civilian equipment in the equipment manufacturing industry. Consolidation continues to be required for the development of the equipment manufacturing industry The “L” bottom consolidation report believes that China’s equipment manufacturing industry in general performed well in 2015, the overall scale has stabilized, the industry’s operating efficiency has slowed down, and the differentiation between the industry and the company has intensified. China's equipment manufacturing industry has entered a period of medium-term growth. The transformation and upgrading have started and are difficult. At the same time, the issue of overcapacity in China's equipment manufacturing industry is still outstanding. The core technology is in urgent need of breakthroughs. The reform of state-owned enterprises in the equipment manufacturing industry is difficult, and small and medium-sized enterprises Facing sustainable development problems. Under the background of the new normal economy, China's equipment manufacturing industry is still facing a large downward pressure on the economy. Mainly manifested in: The major industries show a downward trend. In 2015, the value-added of equipment manufacturing industry showed an overall upward trend, but compared with 2014, the growth rate of the major industries of equipment manufacturing industry has declined. The growth rate of the value-added of general equipment manufacturing and special equipment manufacturing is lower than 5%, and that of automobile manufacturing and electrical machinery and equipment manufacturing is between 5%-10%. In 2015, the growth rate of the value-added of general equipment manufacturing and automobile manufacturing all declined significantly, and both growth rates fell by more than 5%. The development of the industry showed a downward trend. Investment demand continues to fall. In 2015, the fixed assets investment in the equipment manufacturing industry still accounted for more than half of the fixed assets investment in the manufacturing industry. However, under the influence of multiple factors such as low profits and capacity elimination, the growth rate was significantly lower than the average level of the manufacturing industry. The decrease in the growth rate of investment in fixed assets indicates that investment demand has decreased, and the fall in demand for fixed asset investment has become a major factor affecting the economic downturn in equipment manufacturing. Imports and exports fell significantly. In 2015, the total import and export volume of China's equipment manufacturing industry decreased by 8.14% year-on-year, and the growth rate decreased compared to 2014. As the import growth rate fell faster than exports, the trade surplus increased by 87.80% year-on-year. This indicates that the dependence on the equipment manufacturing industry has increased, and now, globally The slow economic recovery has led to a limited use of external demand for equipment manufacturing exports. At the same time, the decline in imports reflects the lack of domestic demand and the downward pressure on the economics of equipment manufacturing. The company’s loss situation is grim. In 2015, the equipment manufacturing industry suffered a 2.00% year-on-year increase in loss. The loss of loss-making enterprises increased by 19.49% year-on-year. The loss of equipment manufacturing enterprises further expanded, and the loss of loss-making enterprises increased. This shows that the overall operation of equipment manufacturing enterprises is not optimistic.
Based on the above analysis, coupled with factors such as the fall in the producer price index of the major industries of the equipment manufacturing industry, the low efficiency of asset utilization, and the continuous increase in the inventory of finished goods, the report pointed out that under the “new normal”, China’s equipment manufacturing will take some time to come. The downward pressure on the industry is expected to slow down and stabilize. The industry will continue to consolidate at the bottom of the “L” shape, and will continue to operate in the bottom region for a long period of time until the transformation and upgrading are obviously effective, before entering the stage of economic recovery of the current round. The structural contradictions highlighted the report and found that the growth of various sub-sectors in the equipment manufacturing industry showed a trend of differentiation. For example, in 2015, the agricultural machinery industry and the electrical and electronic appliance industry achieved 10.85 percent and 11.21 percent profit growth, respectively, while the construction machinery industry profit growth rate dropped 39.16 percent. . This shows that the structural contradictions in China's equipment manufacturing industry are prominent, and the industrial structure needs to be adjusted, mainly in the following aspects: First, the supply capacity of high-end equipment is insufficient. First of all, China's high-end equipment manufacturing industry chain is not yet complete. Although China's high-end equipment manufacturing industry continues to expand in size, there are very few companies with product design capabilities. In the absence of design and consumer customer demand surveys, the high-end equipment manufacturing industry has created a process of slow upgrading and low development levels. Second, encourage the development of localization of high-end equipment is not perfect. Although China has promulgated the "First (set) Guideline for the Promotion and Application of Major Technical Equipment (2015 Edition)", due to the lack of market performance in the first (set) equipment, there are operational risks and market sales are very difficult. At the same time, due to the lack of implementation rules, it is difficult to operate in reality. The second is the lack of service-type equipment manufacturing and supply capacity. First of all, there is a lack of enterprise service capabilities. Equipment manufacturing companies are also generally imprisoned in the traditional mode of production, heavy production of light services, attention to management and light personalized customization. Second, the profit contribution rate of service equipment manufacturing industry is still very low. According to the 2014 Service Innovation Survey of China's Equipment Manufacturing Industry, only 6% of corporate service revenues accounted for more than 20% of the total, which is far behind the survey data of 26% of the global manufacturing industry. In terms of net profit, 81% of the companies surveyed have a net contribution rate of less than 10%. The contribution rate of other companies' service profits is basically between 10% and 20%. Finally, service delivery levels are uneven. At present, many leading equipment manufacturing enterprises and specialty enterprises have taken R&D design and overall solutions as important businesses, but most of them are still in the basic service stage and do not provide in-depth services. Enterprises in economically developed regions have a strong initiative in launching service-oriented manufacturing, and many provinces in the central and western regions have limited willingness to develop service-oriented manufacturing due to restrictions on the development stage and basic conditions. Third, the quality of equipment manufacturing products is not high. First, the quality base is weak. The overall level of the standard system is backward, the structure is irrational, the standard renewal speed is slow, and the standard's research and development capabilities are relatively weak. The power of international discourse is not strong. According to statistics, China's dominant international standards account for less than 0.5%, and the “standard age” is more than one times higher than those of advanced equipment manufacturing countries such as Germany, the United States, Britain, and Japan. Second, quality competitiveness is not strong. China's equipment manufacturing industry lacks world-renowned brands and multinational companies. On the one hand, the brand building of equipment manufacturing industry lags behind, and there is a serious shortage of brand design, brand building, and brand maintenance. On the other hand, the quality of equipment manufacturing products is not high due to the Quality problems and technical trade measures have caused serious losses to the equipment manufacturing industry. Finally, the quality of reputation is not high. Some equipment manufacturing companies lacking quality and integrity have tried every means to reduce costs by lowering standards, cutting corners, and cutting down materials. Some actions even become "hidden rules," and counterfeiting high-end equipment to create brand names continues to ban. The amount of counterfeit technology is increasing. Overcapacity is still severe Under the influence of the external environment and internal structural contradictions, the overcapacity situation in some industries of China's equipment manufacturing industry is still very severe. The report believes that in order to resolve the problem of overcapacity in the equipment manufacturing industry, we must start from the following aspects in a multi-pronged manner: The first is to develop international cooperation and transfer some of the excess capacity. Through the joint establishment of overseas industrial parks and the development of international market space, equipment manufacturing companies are developing international capacity cooperation and transferring industries overseas to help absorb excess production capacity and promote industrial upgrading. At the same time, under the “One Belt and One Road” background, we will accelerate the implementation of the “going out” strategy, promote Chinese equipment such as railways, electricity, and communications to the world, and encourage competitive equipment manufacturing companies to set up technology and engineering R&D centers in developed countries in Europe and the United States. Countries with great potential and strong industry support set up production, distribution, operation and maintenance centers, established and improved "go global" service systems and cross-border industrial cooperation mechanisms. The second is to support mergers and reorganizations to increase the effect of industrial clusters. At the policy level, we should do a good job in the implementation of related policies such as mergers and acquisitions, fiscal and taxation, investment and financing, land and social security, actively and steadily carry out pilot M&A loans and M&A funds, and increase financial support for M&As. At the enterprise level, with the goal of enhancing core competitiveness and achieving sustainable development, with capital as a link, strong and strong alliances, horizontal mergers and acquisitions, or upstream and downstream integration of the industrial chain, changes in the status of small-scale, scattered and disorderly competition in some enterprises. Improve equipment manufacturing industry cluster effect. The last step is to eliminate "zombie enterprises" and resolutely remove excess production capacity. In accordance with the methods of business entities, government promotion, market guidance, and disposal in accordance with the law, we must give full play to the inflexible role of the market mechanism, study and formulate a comprehensive supporting policy system, and adopt a “zombie enterprise” that is difficult to maintain in accordance with local conditions and in an orderly manner. Classification guidance for development The report pointed out that according to the gap between the development of equipment manufacturing industry and the international frontier, China's equipment manufacturing industry can be divided into different types, and different strategies can be used to guide the development of different types of equipment manufacturing enterprises. Support high-end equipment manufacturing. The first is to support large-scale applications. Perfect the insurance compensation mechanism for the first (set) major technical equipment, give full play to the leveraging role of fiscal funds for “double withdrawal”, instigate the insurance market, open the high-end equipment manufacturing market, and realize multi-benefits. The second is to support scientific and technological research. Enhance the independent innovation capability and industrialization level of high-end equipment manufacturing industry. Local governments can join financial institutions to support appropriate equipment manufacturing companies to acquire advanced technology, intellectual property and high-end brands from overseas acquisitions, support local companies to set up R&D centers overseas, and leverage on technological innovation to accelerate development. Places where conditions permit can attract investment overseas and attract high-end equipment manufacturing companies to set up factories in China to meet domestic needs and export bases. Maintain leading-edge equipment manufacturing industry. China's high-speed rail, nuclear power, shipbuilding and other equipment manufacturing industries are already at the leading position in the world or close to the highest level in the world. Their main task is to solve the last "one kilometer" problem, and the lack of localization has strengthened the digestion and absorption of technology and accelerated the country's The establishment of a manufacturing innovation center maintains the development of leading equipment manufacturing industries. Targeted support for leading-edge equipment manufacturing industry “going out”, strengthen linkages from top to bottom, encourage companies to go abroad and help companies solve practical difficulties. Support curved road supermodel equipment manufacturing industry. China's intelligent terminal equipment, new energy vehicles, unmanned aerial vehicles and other equipment manufacturing products are in the curve overtaking phase. We must give full play to China’s advantages in its huge domestic market, high technology talents, complete production and processing capabilities, and the ability to rapidly transform concepts into products. , In the provision of incubator bases, strengthen intellectual property protection, encourage venture capital, develop preferential talents and taxation policies, etc., to support innovative talents to start businesses, transform some ideas into industries quickly, and even develop into local leading industries. Give priority to the development of strategic equipment manufacturing industry. For aerospace equipment, high-end CNC machine tools and robots, integrated circuits and special equipment, the country should give priority to development and give priority support. Through implementation of major technical projects, local governments are encouraged to support the development of supporting industries, and conditions such as infrastructure, children’s education, and living environment are improved, and strategic equipment manufacturing companies are attracted to the ground to realize the development of strategic equipment manufacturing industry and the transformation and upgrading of industries around the country. Win-win situation. Development of service equipment manufacturing enterprises. Customer-oriented, starting from the deeper needs of mining customers, enhance product connotation, and ultimately enhance product market competitiveness. At the same time pay attention to the product life cycle. Enterprises must not only consider the sale of products, but also consider the use of products. They must not only estimate the product's full life cycle and cost, but also enable customers to obtain the lowest total life cycle costs and strengthen the market competitiveness of their own products. The “product + service” model is adopted, and various customer-oriented active service platforms are built using various modern methods to meet product diversification and market segmentation requirements. And cross-industry differentiation and integration. Utilize its own internal self-operated services to save transaction costs and increase professionalism. Related links: The future of investment in equipment manufacturing industry is huge. The “Blue Book for Equipment Manufacturing Industry” report believes that taking into account that the total economic output of the equipment manufacturing industry is already very large, “destocking, capacity reduction, de-leveraging, cost reduction, and short-cutting” Under the background, the pulling of the equipment manufacturing industry is limited, and structural adjustment and transformation and upgrading are still the main tone. The equipment manufacturing industry will be in the process of structural adjustment, transformation and upgrading for a long period of time, and the economic growth will be mainly at a low speed and stable operation. The real challenges and long-term future of the equipment manufacturing industry still lie in whether the structural adjustment and transformation and upgrading can be actively promoted. However, in the future, China's equipment manufacturing industry will have more investment opportunities and higher investment value in smart manufacturing, service-oriented manufacturing, core basic parts and components, and green equipment. Smart manufacturing continues to accelerate development. With the focus on deploying smart manufacturing in the “Made in China 2025” and “Internet Plus” actions, China will build an open, shared, and collaborative smart manufacturing industry ecosystem. The establishment of a regular working mechanism for Sino-German intelligent manufacturing cooperation marks both sides’ intelligence. Manufacturing cooperation entered a substantive stage. The application of smart devices and products such as robots, wearable devices, smart home appliances, and smart grids has continued to expand, and the scale of demand has rapidly expanded. In 2016, smart manufacturing equipment will be mentioned in new heights. In the future, it will focus on intelligent equipment products with innovative working principles such as additive manufacturing, intelligent upgrading of production equipment, process optimization and transformation of equipment manufacturing products, and key intelligent equipment and products. Business. Service-oriented manufacturing has become an important transformation direction. "Made in China 2025" will actively develop service-oriented manufacturing and production services as one of the nine tasks and priorities. "Made in China 2025" aims to drive the evolution of business models to service-oriented manufacturing, improve the efficiency of manufacturing endogenously, optimize the relationship between manufacturing and service industries, and thus promote the structural adjustment and optimization of China's manufacturing industry. At the same time, in the “Internet+” environment, traditional equipment products are continuously integrated in the process of design, manufacture, and after-sales service, which makes the boundaries between manufacturing and service industries increasingly blurred and gradually forms service-oriented manufacturing. The new model will help integrate the core advantages of the manufacturing and service industries and increase the overall industry competitiveness. During the “Thirteenth Five-Year Plan” period, China will launch a series of major projects. The implementation of a large number of high-speed rail, nuclear power and ocean engineering projects requires the equipment manufacturing industry to provide comprehensive solutions, which provides a broad range of services for the development of service-oriented equipment manufacturing industry. Market space. At present, China's equipment manufacturing industry has the foundation for the development of service-oriented manufacturing. The huge industrial scale has laid a good economic foundation for the development of service manufacturing in the equipment manufacturing industry; a group of equipment manufacturing industry clusters are accelerating the formation of a good industrial organization basis for the implementation of service-based manufacturing; the continuous improvement of scientific and technological innovation capabilities is The development of service-oriented manufacturing in the equipment manufacturing industry provides a good talent base. The core basic components become an important support. "Made in China 2025" lists the strengthening of industrial basic capabilities in nine strategic tasks and five major projects, of which the core basic components (components) are the first of the four bases. In 2016 and beyond, core components and parts will be based on digital technologies and will undergo revolutionary changes with the support of information technologies such as the Internet, Internet of Things, cloud computing, and big data. The group structure with capital allocation as a link will form a large integration, with enterprise functions integrating R&D, manufacturing, sales, and service. The layout of production technology will be “professional, refined, and unique.” Overall consideration will be given to top-level design, scientific layout, integrated innovation, and reasonable arrangements. Production scheduling, while extending upstream and downstream, forming upstream and downstream joint efforts, close cooperation, the effective use of social resources, the formation of a win-win situation. Green equipment manufacturing products promote sustainable development of the industry. "Made in China 2025" clearly puts forward the full implementation of green manufacturing and the implementation of green manufacturing projects. At present, excess capacity has put pressure on the equipment manufacturing market. However, the transformation and upgrading have put new demands on equipment. New theories, new technologies, new techniques, and new materials have promoted the improvement of equipment level and competitiveness. In 2016 and beyond, the greenization of the equipment manufacturing industry must be based on the entire life cycle of equipment manufacturing products, that is, starting from the phases of design, manufacturing, operation, in-service remanufacturing, and remanufacturing, and upgrading technologies, operations, and intelligence. At the same time, we must consider the harmony with the production process, ensure the safety, energy saving, material saving, and environmental protection of the equipment manufacturing product itself and the production process, and realize the greening of the equipment manufacturing product throughout its life cycle.

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